How to plant champignons.

Until recently, gardeners and planters grew traditional vegetables and fruits; today, thanks to the work of breeders and the development of industry and seeds and seedlings of exotic plants available, it has become possible to grow mushrooms at home. If you want to have a fresh product on your table or organize a business, you will need a detailed description of the process of how to grow mushrooms yourself.

Features of champignon growth

Under natural conditions, champignons grow in open areas: meadows, fields, most often they are found in places of grazing livestock, near farms. Regardless of the place of growth, these lamellar mushrooms contain valuable minerals and vitamins. Also champignons are low-calorie, 100 grams of mushrooms contain up to 30 calories. This tasty and healthy product is ideal for weight-watchers and vegetarians. To get the mushroom crop, the substrate and the mycelium of the mushrooms are prepared. It can be purchased at gardening stores.

It is also necessary to adhere to simple rules, the technology of growing champignons requires adhering to the instructions and providing the following:

Temperature regime - mushrooms grow at temperatures from 15 to 17 degrees, at higher values ​​mycelium does not form, and the mushrooms that have already appeared stop growing.

Humidity - at the initial stage of planting, the humidity is maintained at 90%, in the process of growth it is reduced to 60%.

Air circulation - in a room, air circulation is as important as humidity and temperature. At the same time, the presence of a draft affects the culture negatively. A ventilation system is required to ensure the condition.

Watering - champignons grow tightly to each other, so it is rather difficult to moisten the soil. Watering is carried out by sprinkling, using an ordinary watering can with small holes at home, or an irrigation system is installed for large-scale cultivation.

Lighting is the only factor that is not important when growing mushrooms, so enterprising people adapt the basement in the country house for planting. There it is much easier to fulfill the conditions of humidity, circulation and temperature.

Importantly, indoors, the mushrooms are protected from rain and soil, which can cause contamination of the planting with bacteria and disease-causing spores. For beginners who decide to master the cultivation of champignons, you can practice growing oyster mushrooms at first. This process is somewhat simpler, while working it will be easier to feel the process of mycelium germination.

Acquisition of mycelium

Making a purchase in specialized stores, you get high-quality planting material, which is the key to good germination. Experts recommend choosing mushroom grain mycelium. It adapts better when grown at home. There is also compost mycelium.

You can buy mushrooms mycelium:
• royal champignons: white, cream, brown;
• Large-fruited mushrooms;
• Meadow champignons;
• Garden champignons;
• Brazilian champignons.

Preparing the substrate

The best substrate for growing mushrooms is a mixture of straw and manure (horse or cow is most preferred). The mycelium fully develops when the acidity of the soil is from 7.3 to 7.5 pH.

In addition to straw and manure, you will need:
• urea;
• superphosphate;
• gypsum;
• chalk.

For every 10 kg of straw, you need:
• 8 kg of manure;
• 200 g of urea and superphosphate;
• 800 g of gypsum;
• 500 g of chalk.

These proportions will be enough to organize a small garden bed. To do this, lay out all the components in layers. Before use, the straw is poured with water for 2-3 days, when the heat starts to develop, it can be used.

The main components, straw and manure, are poured in layers (at least 3), and mineral fertilizer is added. The result should be a layer 30 cm thick. Further, the substrate is well moistened and mixed for several weeks. With final mixing, chalk and gypsum are added to the soil. Planting can be done at a substrate temperature of 25 degrees.

How to plant champignons

It is convenient to plant champignons in boxes covered with polyethylene at home. The mycelium is evenly distributed over the surface, covered with a thin layer of soil. For 1 sq. meter beds use from 300 to 500 g of planting material.

During the period of forcing the mycelium, it is important to maintain humidity (about 90%) and temperature (25 degrees). If the soil begins to dry, it is moistened by spraying with water.

The mushroom germination process lasts from 14 to 20 days. A sign of growth is the appearance of thin white filaments on the surface. When they appear, the temperature in the room is lowered to 15 degrees, and the "web" of mycelium is sprinkled with moist soil. Under these conditions, the mushrooms will appear in five days.

The sprouted mycelium gives a wave-like harvest, the number of waves reaches 7. Mushrooms grow quickly, so the duration of each wave reaches 5-7 days. However, the harvest volumes are amazing. Up to 40 kg of mushrooms are harvested from one square meter. The largest amount is harvested at the beginning of the fruiting period.

During the growing season, abundant watering is required when the mushroom caps are about the size of a pinhead. After the harvesting period has begun, watering is reduced. When planning the gathering, mushrooms are not watered per day at all. Gustatory characteristics and portability depend on this.

Once the growth is over, the substrate is not reused. However, it can be used as a fertilizer in the vegetable and fruit garden.

Knowing how to grow champignons at home, and applying knowledge in practice, you can not only get a good harvest of tasty and aromatic mushrooms, but also organize a profitable business.